Image Processing.

1.Define Image?

ANSWER
An image may be defined as two dimensional light intensity function f(x, y) where x and y denote spatial co-ordinate and the amplitude or value of f at any point (x, y) is called intensity or grayscale or brightness of the image at that point.

2.What do you meant by Gray level?

ANSWER
Gray level refers to a scalar measure of intensity that ranges from black to grays and finally to white.

3.What do you meant by Color model?

ANSWER
A Color model is a specification of 3D-coordinates system and a subspace within that system where each color is represented by a single point.

4.List the applications of color models?

ANSWER
1. RGB model— used for color monitor & color video camera 2. CMY model—used for color printing 3. HIS model—-used for color image processing 4. YIQ model—used for color picture transmission

5.Define Resolutions?

ANSWER
Resolution is defined as the smallest number of discernible detail in an image. Spatial resolution is the smallest discernible detail in an image and gray level resolution refers to the smallest discernible change is gray level.

6.What is meant by pixel?

ANSWER
A digital image is composed of a finite number of elements each of which has a particular location or value. These elements are referred to as pixels or image elements or picture elements or pels elements.

7.What is recognition and Interpretation?

ANSWER
Recognition means is a process that assigns a label to an object based on the information provided by its descriptors. Interpretation means assigning meaning to a recognized object.

8.What are the steps involved in DIP?

ANSWER
Image Acquisition Preprocessing Segmentation Representation and Description Recognition and Interpretation

9.Specify the elements of DIP system?

ANSWER
Image Acquisition Storage Processing Display

10.Define sampling and quantization?

ANSWER
Sampling means digitizing the co-ordinate value (x, y). Quantization means digitizing the amplitude value.

11.What do you meant by Zooming of digital images?

ANSWER
Zooming may be viewed as over sampling. It involves the creation of new pixel locations and the assignment of gray levels to those new locations.

12.What do you meant by shrinking of digital images?

ANSWER
Shrinking may be viewed as under sampling. To shrink an image by one half, we delete every row and column. To reduce possible aliasing effect, it is a good idea to blue an image slightly before shrinking it

13.What is geometric transformation?

ANSWER
Transformation is used to alter the co-ordinate description of image. The basic geometric transformations are 1. Image translation 2. Scaling 3. Image rotation

14.What is image translation and scaling?

ANSWER
Image translation means reposition the image from one co-ordinate location to another along straight line path.

15.What is image scaling?

ANSWER
Scaling is used to alter the size of the object or image (ie) a co-ordinate system is scaled by a factor.

16.What is the need for transform?

ANSWER
The need for transform is most of the signals or images are time domain signal (i.e.) signals can be measured with a function of time. This representation is not always best. For most image processing applications anyone of the mathematical transformation are applied to the signal or images to obtain further information from that signal.

17.What are the applications of transform?

ANSWER
1) To reduce band width 2) To reduce redundancy 3) To extract feature.

18.What is Edge Detection?

ANSWER
Edge detection is a fundamental tool in image processing, machine vision and computer vision, particularly in the areas of feature detection and feature extraction, which aim at identifying points in a digital image at which the image brightness changes sharply or, more formally, has discontinuities.

19.What is meant by blurring?

ANSWER
Blurring an image usually makes the image unfocused. In signal processing, blurring is generally obtained by convolving the image with a low pass filter. In this Demonstration, the amount of blurring is increased by increasing the pixel radius

20.What are the major types of Blurring?

ANSWER
Motion blur is the apparent streaking of rapidly moving objects in a still image or a sequence of images such as a movie or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single frame, either due to rapid movement or long exposure. A Gaussian blur (also known as Gaussian smoothing) is the result of blurring an image by a Gaussian function. It is a widely used effect in graphics software, typically to reduce image noise and reduce detail. The visual effect of this blurring technique is a smooth blur resembling that of viewing the image through a transparent screen.

21.What is RGB?

ANSWER
The main purpose of the RGB color model is for the sensing, representation, and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers, though it has also been used in conventional photography.

22.What is Gabor Filter?

ANSWER
In image processing, a Gabor filter, named after Dennis Gabor, is a linear filter used for edge detection. Frequency and orientation representations of Gabor filters are similar to those of the human visual system, and they have been found to be particularly appropriate for texture representation and discrimination.